{"updated":"2026-08-18","unit":"million barrels per day","periods":["2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","1H 2025"],"points":[{"id":"danish","name":"Danish Straits","short":"Danish Straits","note":"Russian and North Sea crude out of the Baltic. Excludes the Kiel Canal.","origins":[["Russia",[0.761,0.803,1.27,1.446,1.461,1.361]],["Norway",[0.051,0.054,0.258,0.46,0.45,0.526]],["United Kingdom",[0.024,0.021,0.119,0.106,0.124,0.125]],["Egypt",[0.102,0.093,0.226,0.297,0.364,0.298]],["Guyana",[0,0,0.004,0.024,0.051,0.071]],["United States",[0.009,0.01,0.064,0.146,0.085,0.069]],["other",[0.086,0.088,0.151,0.292,0.2,0.227]]],"dests":[["India",[0.002,0,0.508,1.069,1.108,1.072]],["China",[0.136,0.04,0.183,0.18,0.089,0.039]],["Poland",[0.154,0.186,0.392,0.674,0.713,0.711]],["Türkiye",[0.024,0.03,0.17,0.21,0.25,0.239]],["Finland",[0.055,0.03,0.17,0.213,0.183,0.217]],["Germany",[0.045,0.081,0.049,0.111,0.118,0.122]],["Netherlands",[0.286,0.366,0.186,0.004,0.014,0.024]],["other Europe",[0.295,0.289,0.399,0.273,0.24,0.226]],["other",[0.036,0.046,0.033,0.035,0.02,0.025]]],"totalOil":[3.1,3.1,4.2,5,4.9,4.9]},{"id":"dardanelles","name":"Dardanelles Strait","short":"Dardanelles","note":"The Turkish Straits: less than half a nautical mile wide at the narrowest point.","origins":[["Kazakhstan",[1.21,1.266,1.233,1.376,1.308,1.503]],["Russia",[0.221,0.223,0.324,0.396,0.497,0.476]],["other",[0.314,0.314,0.181,0.161,0.232,0.194]]],"dests":[["India",[0.118,0.09,0.247,0.376,0.402,0.497]],["China",[0.102,0.11,0.1,0.203,0.095,0.133]],["other Asia & Oceania",[0.116,0.141,0.152,0.137,0.051,0.09]],["Italy",[0.371,0.362,0.381,0.322,0.456,0.434]],["Netherlands",[0.12,0.144,0.107,0.121,0.18,0.236]],["Türkiye",[0.243,0.321,0.259,0.233,0.239,0.2]],["France",[0.12,0.105,0.121,0.112,0.114,0.143]],["Greece",[0.136,0.114,0.071,0.116,0.136,0.105]],["other Europe",[0.23,0.239,0.198,0.183,0.251,0.233]],["other",[0.189,0.177,0.102,0.131,0.113,0.1]]],"totalOil":[3.2,3.3,3.2,3.5,3.6,3.7]},{"id":"suez","name":"Suez Canal and SUMED pipeline","short":"Suez & SUMED","note":"Egypt. The short way between the Gulf and Europe — reached from the south through Bab el-Mandeb.","origins":[["Russia",[0.152,0.068,0.842,1.781,1.792,1.713]],["Kazakhstan",[0.26,0.274,0.362,0.413,0.133,0.155]],["Saudi Arabia",[0.78,0.542,0.777,0.731,0.66,0.638]],["Iraq",[0.543,0.506,0.726,0.823,0.158,0.104]],["other Middle East",[0.173,0.131,0.195,0.221,0.033,0.007]],["Egypt",[0.109,0.077,0.095,0.148,0.168,0.151]],["other Africa",[0.262,0.378,0.282,0.229,0.061,0.032]],["other Americas",[0.155,0.119,0.146,0.052,0.001,0.005]],["other Europe",[0.08,0.055,0.039,0.019,0.001,0.001]],["other",[0.125,0.052,0.129,0.106,0.034,0.01]]],"dests":[["India",[0.289,0.256,0.994,1.701,1.704,1.654]],["China",[0.429,0.231,0.332,0.514,0.226,0.143]],["other Asia & Oceania",[0.306,0.337,0.365,0.295,0.046,0.078]],["Poland",[0.08,0.092,0.189,0.288,0.28,0.207]],["Italy",[0.272,0.215,0.203,0.289,0.132,0.171]],["other Europe",[0.898,0.722,1.095,1.075,0.462,0.394]],["Africa",[0.054,0.059,0.045,0.049,0.039,0.045]],["other Americas",[0.137,0.118,0.196,0.161,0.091,0.097]],["Middle East",[0.128,0.129,0.153,0.141,0.051,0.003]],["other",[0.044,0.043,0.022,0.01,0.009,0.023]]],"totalOil":[5.4,5.2,7.3,8.8,4.8,4.9]},{"id":"hormuz","name":"Strait of Hormuz","short":"Hormuz","note":"The only sea exit from the Persian Gulf, between Oman and Iran.","origins":[["Saudi Arabia",[6.262,6.383,6.94,6.299,5.588,5.553]],["Iraq",[2.885,2.865,3.211,3.256,3.265,3.285]],["United Arab Emirates",[2.028,1.982,2.483,2.345,2.197,2.052]],["Iran",[0.432,0.834,0.985,1.484,1.455,1.594]],["Kuwait",[1.866,1.815,1.846,1.621,1.384,1.49]],["Qatar",[0.769,0.66,0.654,0.692,0.655,0.663]],["other",[0.158,0.113,0.118,0.114,0.095,0.109]]],"dests":[["China",[4.133,4.299,4.635,5.11,4.928,5.4]],["India",[2.246,2.329,2.446,1.999,1.921,2.049]],["South Korea",[1.723,1.476,1.753,1.854,1.816,1.747]],["Japan",[1.985,1.895,2.14,1.886,1.724,1.705]],["other Asia & Oceania",[2.069,2.136,2.314,2.174,2.167,2.257]],["other Europe",[0.579,0.546,0.9,0.999,0.747,0.586]],["United States",[0.569,0.61,0.682,0.485,0.499,0.427]],["Saudi Arabia",[0.28,0.447,0.524,0.28,0.234,0.018]],["other",[0.816,0.914,0.844,1.025,0.604,0.557]]],"totalOil":[19.2,19.7,21.9,21.8,20.7,20.9]},{"id":"malacca","name":"Strait of Malacca","short":"Malacca","note":"The shortest route from Middle East suppliers to East Asia.","origins":[["Saudi Arabia",[4.374,4.377,4.656,4.486,4.17,4.224]],["United Arab Emirates",[1.948,1.969,2.506,2.607,2.583,2.464]],["Iraq",[1.557,1.325,1.474,1.578,1.644,1.827]],["Iran",[0.293,0.659,0.787,1.133,1.396,1.602]],["Kuwait",[1.5,1.412,1.49,1.269,1.037,1.12]],["Oman",[0.741,0.798,0.828,0.889,0.867,0.872]],["other Middle East",[0.721,0.637,0.62,0.631,0.601,0.583]],["United States",[0.723,0.591,0.796,1.074,0.899,0.848]],["Brazil",[0.849,0.595,0.505,0.671,0.671,0.802]],["other Americas",[0.431,0.355,0.433,0.382,0.295,0.357]],["Russia",[0.219,0.081,0.252,0.526,0.281,0.361]],["other",[3.029,2.648,1.978,1.812,1.461,1.574]]],"dests":[["China",[8.037,7.189,7.203,8.001,7.476,7.909]],["South Korea",[2.346,2.062,2.409,2.451,2.349,2.437]],["Japan",[2.272,2.275,2.489,2.296,2.133,2.112]],["Singapore",[0.779,0.863,0.869,0.836,0.85,0.831]],["Taiwan",[0.658,0.718,0.712,0.704,0.693,0.762]],["Thailand",[0.624,0.621,0.741,0.705,0.67,0.7]],["other Asia & Oceania",[1.131,0.99,1.26,1.544,1.318,1.532]],["United States",[0.256,0.359,0.395,0.367,0.262,0.236]],["other",[0.284,0.37,0.247,0.153,0.151,0.118]]],"totalOil":[22.8,22.1,23,24,22.5,23.2]},{"id":"cape","name":"Cape of Good Hope","short":"Cape of Good Hope","note":"Not a chokepoint but the long way round — the alternative when Suez and Bab el-Mandeb close.","origins":[["United States",[1.236,1.139,1.269,1.636,1.476,1.387]],["Brazil",[1.011,0.819,0.713,0.917,0.899,1.071]],["other Americas",[0.707,0.702,0.647,0.604,0.586,0.68]],["Angola",[1.029,0.966,0.75,0.731,0.764,0.768]],["Nigeria",[0.737,0.573,0.443,0.365,0.309,0.384]],["other Africa",[0.795,0.701,0.499,0.513,0.672,0.741]],["Iraq",[0.053,0.029,0.035,0,0.547,0.42]],["Saudi Arabia",[0.357,0.317,0.31,0.191,0.294,0.237]],["Kazakhstan",[0.014,0.011,0.002,0.003,0.044,0.164]],["other",[0.596,0.543,0.261,0.142,0.256,0.268]]],"dests":[["China",[3.39,2.57,2.076,2.531,2.235,2.523]],["India",[1.023,1.145,0.765,0.529,0.7,0.833]],["South Korea",[0.507,0.68,0.579,0.565,0.67,0.717]],["Taiwan",[0.187,0.193,0.195,0.238,0.219,0.258]],["Indonesia",[0.086,0.111,0.176,0.242,0.21,0.202]],["Singapore",[0.185,0.228,0.368,0.337,0.374,0.192]],["other Asia & Oceania",[0.366,0.237,0.228,0.324,0.389,0.479]],["other Europe",[0.037,0.004,0.032,0.002,0.607,0.489]],["United States",[0.323,0.282,0.26,0.17,0.246,0.194]],["other",[0.431,0.351,0.248,0.162,0.198,0.233]]],"totalOil":[7.9,7.2,6.1,6.2,9.3,9.1]}],"world":{"maritime":[74.1,75.9,78.6,80.2,79.7,79.8],"supply":[94.1,95.8,100.6,102.6,103.3,104.4]},"alsoTracked":[{"name":"Bab el-Mandeb","totalOil":[5.7,6,8,9.3,4.1,4.2]},{"name":"Panama Canal","totalOil":[1.7,1.8,2.2,2.2,2,2.3]}]}